Impact of Gunpowder

Impact of Gunpowder A Technology That Marked Major Progress Milestones in History GUNPOWDER INTTRODUCTION Technology is a group of learning committed to making instruments, handling activities and extricating of materials. Everyone have their own way of understanding the meaning of technology or in another word innovation. People use innovation to develop their capacities, and that makes humans as the most vital piece of any mechanical framework. Innovation can allude to techniques running from as basic as dialect and stone devices to the complex hereditary building and data innovation that has risen since the 1980s. These advances invigorated social orders to embrace better approaches for living and administration, and in addition better approaches for understanding their reality. One of that innovation completely changed the world was gunpowder. Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive which was invented in china by a Chinese alchemist mistakenly. It is a blend of sulphur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpetre). The carbon from the charcoal in addition to oxygen shapes carbon dioxide and vitality. The response would be moderate, similar to a wood fire, with the exception of the oxidizing operator. Carbon in a fire must draw oxygen from the air. Saltpetre gives additional oxygen. Potassium nitrate, sulphur, and carbon respond together to shape nitrogen and carbon dioxide gasses and potassium sulphide. The expanding gases, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, gives the propelling action. Gunpowder tends to create a considerable measure of smoke, which can hinder vision on a front line or lessen the visibility of firecrackers. Changing the proportion of the component influences the rate at which the explosive consumes and the measure of smoke that is delivered. (ThoughtCo, 2017) As per legend, during the Tang dynasty (9th century) this Chinese chemist was searching for a formula to make the remedy of life, or the mythical potion for immortality. Despite the fact that it was an accident, when they found the powder was exceptionally combustible, or consumed effectively, they chose to call it fire pharmaceutical. Not long after the disclosure, the Chinese weaponized the substance, or made weapons out of it, and during the time they would make numerous weapons utilizing gunpowder, including rockets, bombs, flamethrowers, and land mines before making guns and firearms. The most established weapon that utilizations explosive goes back to a bronze handheld gun made in north-eastern China in 1288. (Nathans Design Dissertation, 2017) Even though the earliest record of written formula for gun powder appeared in Song dynasty (11th century) this is listed as one of the four great invention in Chinese history. In any case, once the Chinese made sense of that it had dangerous capacities, they squandered no time in fusing it into their military. The Chinese could make a jump in military innovation and went from the standard sword and bows and arrows to a military with mines and flamethrowers. With the disclosure of gunpowder came the innovation of the fire arrow, an arrow with gunpowder on its tip, in the year 989. Roughly 11 years after the fire arrow, in 1000, the Chinese designed the flame thrower. The utilization of weapons be that as it may, did not rise in China until the mid-fourteenth Century. The military development that happened inside China in view of the black powder permitted China to have a more grounded and more propelled military, prompting a general more secure nation. (AP World History 2012-2013, 201 7) After the Mongols attacked China in the mid-13th Century, they proceeded with their conquests into India. In 1221, when the Mongols attacked India, they carried with them the information of gunpowder from China. By the 18th century, the Indians were able to make Mysorean rockets; the main iron cast rockets to be utilized by any military on the planet. But the secret of the gunpowder didnt stop spreading to the Middle East. From India, the gunpowder spread to the Middle East in the vicinity of 1240 and 1280. The last place to reach gunpowder was Eastern Europe. Like in India and the Middle East, it was brought into the area in view of the Mongol attacks. In any case, a portion of the learning of gunpowder was likewise transmitted to Europe through the Silk Road. At the point when the Europeans exchanged with the Middle East, the learning of gunpowder was carried into Europe alongside the exchange of merchandise. After getting the knowledge of gunpowder European chemists was interested in searching other alternative methods to improve the qualities of chemical contains. As a result of that European chemists made corned explosive. Corned black powder contained an indistinguishable chemicals from typical explosive however the refining procedure included blending the explosive into a wet substance and after that drying the blend. A German monk, Berthold Schwarz, is credited with developing the principal European gun in 1353. Guns which had been originated in China or the Middle East were enh anced by Europeans. Propelled European metal work strategies permitted European metalsmiths to make more long lasting and sturdy rifles; they likewise figured out how to compute the measure of drive of the gas in the load of the weapon. This learning help make weapons that shot more noteworthy separations. Europeans were all the while enhancing black powder a century after the Chinese had imagined the primary weapon. The European progressions of black powder would achieve China by a Portuguese ship in 1520. The Portuguese presented the gun, enhanced rifles and other European headways to the Chinese. Many years after the development of black powder the Europeans had given back the substance to its starting point and explosives voyage through Asia had turned up at ground zero. The Movement of Gunpowder from the East toward the West (AP World History 2012-2013, 2017) If someone asks what were the precursor circumstances that acted as the motivation for the technology the answer is the overwhelming need of power. The advancement of gunpowder was vital in fighting first for its mental impacts, as the Chinese utilized flying fire (explosive arrow) against their Mongol foes. At the point when the innovation relocated toward the West, notwithstanding, its genuine esteem was in its capacity to control fatal attack weapons and in the end put precise capability in the hands of common troopers. Prior to the innovation of the gun, attack weapons were huge, unwieldy and hard to build. Gunpowder as a fuel expanded the force accessible for anticipating rockets toward adversary emplacements, both expanding the harm these weapons could bring about and expanding their exactness also. Whats more, designers called sappers could burrow under adversary fortresses and pack their passages with gunpowder, bringing out stronghold dividers with unstable power. The scalin g down of gun into guns gave a comparative damaging capacity to normal fighters on the ground, permitting them a considerably more noteworthy successful range than they had with their past bows and crossbows. Guns likewise required less preparing than longbows, and the fast shots could even puncture the plate protective layer worn by knights of the time. At last, gunpowder required an entire revaluation of the specialty of fighting, and nations that were ease back to embrace the new innovation paid the cost on the combat zone. Other than military gunpowder were used in civil engineering and mining in early 15th century. The records of using gunpowder in mins come from Hungry in 1627. After that the technology was introduced to Britain by Germans in 1638. Other than mining gunpowder were used in the construction in canals and tunnels. The first gunpowder is not utilized today with the exception of in firecrackers and sparklers or as a boosting fuel for rocket launching. Like how it was for the most part utilized hundreds of years prior. It has been supplanted by a prevalent synthetic compound and utilized for the most part in slugs. A great deal more propelled mixes are utilized for explosives. One could state that the first gunpowder was the beginning stage for these current mixes. The most recent uses of gunpowder was Afghanistan war in 2001 which killed over 2000 and 22000 wounded, Korean war 1950-1953 which killed over 1800000 and 220000 wounded and world war 2 (1939-1945). Explosive has influenced todays general public by taking a great many lives and damaging a huge number of others. Gunpowder has additionally destroyed the lives of numerous families and companions of the casualties of contention. If this innovation didnt exist then there was a chance of preventing the wars and saving number of lives that co uldnt even count. On the opposite side of the gunpowder has likewise been utilized to make firecrackers which have conveyed extraordinary happiness to the world. If this technology has taken away the invention that found based on gunpowder wouldnt be able to reach to the mankind or use it for the present manufacturing processes. In spite of the fact that gunpowder and its present day subsidiaries do in any case have some significant uses today, all ammunition utilized as a part of firearms all through the world is stacked with smokeless powder. Even though the gunpowder was the main known explosive compound until the mid-19th century, present day there are other alternative ways that are in use and still in process. As an example the American navy has been already tested 30-kilowatt LaWS system at sea aboard the amphibious transport and hoping to deploy varieties of the laser weapon framework in the armada by 2020. (Nationaldefensemagazine.org, 2017) Other than laser weapon the alternative weapon system that still in progress is portable versions of rail guns. Besides the rail guns there might be a chance of producing projectile weapons which are electromagnetically accelerated or energy that transferred electronically to the projectile. (Cooney, 2017) When these technologies are known to the society in the future the gunpowder will be forgotten from the usage and the memory. Even though that happens there is a saying that old is gold. Anyone cant predict what will happen in the future. Reference List AP World History 2012-2013. (2017). Movement of Gunpowder from East to West. [Online] Available at: http://apworldhistory2012-2013.weebly.com/movement-of-gunpowder-from-east-to-west.html [Accessed 27 Mar. 2017]. Cooney, M. (2017). More railguns and lasers, less gunpowder the Navys future high-tech weaponry. [Online] Network World. Available at: http://www.networkworld.com/article/2880535/security0/more-railguns-and-lasers-less-gunpowder-the-navy-s-future-high-tech-weaponry.html [Accessed 17 Mar. 2017]. Jeannielin.com. (2017). Gunpowder Chronicles Behind the Scenes | Jeannie Lin. [online] Available at: http://www.jeannielin.com/gunpowder-chronicles/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2017]. Monkeytree.org. (2017). Gunpowder in Europe. [Online] Available at: http://www.monkeytree.org/silkroad/gunpowder/europe.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2017]. Nathans Design Dissertation. (2017). Chapter One Inventions. [Online] Available at: https://nathanman.wordpress.com/2010/10/29/chapter-one/ [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017]. Nationaldefensemagazine.org. (2017). Energy Weapons: The Next Gunpowder?. [Online] Available at: http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/June/Pages/EnergyWeaponsTheNextGunpowder.aspx [Accessed 25 Mar. 2017]. ThoughtCo. (2017). Learn How Gunpowder Works. [Online] Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/gunpowder-facts-and-history-607754 [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017].

Male and Female Travelers Essay -- Compare Contrast Gender Writing Na

Male and Female Travelers While reading Helen Maria Williams' "A Tour in Switzerland" and William Coxe's "Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Swisserland," I find myself captivated by Williams' description of the Rhine Falls, while feeling indifferent by Coxe's account of the same landscape. It strikes me how much the Rhine Falls influences Williams' emotions and her avid imagination, yet it seems to have a subtle effect on Coxe. In her introduction, Williams mentions that "the descriptive parts of this journal were rapidly traced with the ardour of a fond imagination, eager to seize the vivid colouring of the moment ere it fled, and give permanence to the emotions of admiration, while the solemn enthusiasm beat high in [her] bosom" (vol. I, i). Coxe, on the other hand, seems to approach all that he sees with a detached attitude - he is simply there to observe the scenery, not dwell emotionally and spiritually within it. The obvious differences between Williams' and Coxe's approach towards the Rhine Falls show the contrast between what female and male writers value the most in their travels. Williams easily immerses herself into the magic of the moment in front of the Rhine Falls, while Coxe shows a more aloof reaction towards the Rhine Falls, preferring, instead, to observe the Rhine Falls and its surrounding areas as a whole. Both Williams and Coxe approach Switzerland differently. Before traveling to the Rhine Falls, Williams already has preconceived expectations and fantasies about what Switzerland is like: "I [am] going to contemplate that interesting country, of which I have never heard without emotion! - I am going to gaze upon images of nature, images of which the idea has so often swelled my ... ...s more on how the landscape will benefit them intellectually. For example, William' encounter with the Rhine Falls results in her developing an attachment to the majestic grandeur of the cataract, and she feels the cataract possesses a power that is far beyond the comprehension of mankind. Coxe, on the other hand, maintains a detached attitude towards the Rhine Falls. To Coxe, the Rhine Falls is only one of the objects that make up the sublimity of the landscape. Works Cited Coxe, William. Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Swisserland. A Series of Letters to William Melmoth, Esq. London: J. Dodsley, 1779. Williams, Helen Maria. A Tour in Switzerland. A View of the Present State of the Government and Manners of Those Cantons: With Comparative Sketches of the Present State of Paris, 2 vols. London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1798.

Should you be fired for what you post on social media sites

Can you get fired for what you post online? In October 2010, Mariana Cole-Rivera, a domestic violence advocate at the group Hispanics United of Buffalo, began the Facebook thread that would get her fired. Cole-Rivera and four of her co-workers who'd responded to her post had lost their jobs. Their boss said their Facebook thread violated HUB's harassment policy by disparaging a co-worker. The Facebook post said that, â€Å"Lydia Cruz, who is one of their co-workers, felt that the group wasn't helping their clients enough at the Hispanics United of Buffalo.Cole-Rivera responded to this by saying, â€Å"IVe about had it! and she also wrote, â€Å"My fellow coworkers how do you feel? † Within minutes, HUB colleagues began posting supportive comments. â€Å"What the Hell,† one wrote, â€Å"we don't have a life as is, said one, and what else can we do, the others wrote. † After they were fired, the workers took their case to the National Labor Relations Board, the f ederal agency charged with interpreting and enforcing U. S. labor law.A Judge sided with them, but now the case is on appeal. There have been more than a few stories in the news about employees being fired because of what they posted online. People need to ealize that when you use your work computer for any personal business whether it is good or bad, can get you in trouble, or even cost you your Job, especially, if the company has guidelines on computer use on the Job. Dan Prywes, an expert in labor and employment law, in Washington, D. C. explains that â€Å"Employers are within their rights to limit social networking site access, â€Å"Dan also said that, â€Å"you need to be prepared for the consequences when you post online.If a small-business owner sees something unsavory written about themselves or their company online, they can call their workers in and talk with them about it. But whether or not you can take action and fire them is dependent on state law, outside of a wr itten contract or clause at public companies, employment is at-will. My question is: What are your rights when it comes to talking about work online? Should you be allowed to say what you want?Recently, the National Labor Relations Board issued a series of rulings and advisories that have made it illegal for employers to fire anyone who casts the company in an untavorable light online. The NLRB says employees nave a right to discuss work conditions freely and without fear of retribution, whether the discussion takes place at the office or on Facebook. However, not all work-related speech is protected. For example, your employer can still fire you if you post something negative about a client or customers on Facebook. In my opinion, if you don't have anything good to say, don't say it at all.

Management and Hr - 1814 Words

Zoey Abbott A0000140 4DEP The CIPD introduced the HR Professional Map in 2009, which set out the new foundations for professional competency in HR and the criteria for new and revised CIPD qualifications. The map highlights 10 professional areas at four different levels and the eight key behaviours HR professionals need to operate. The HR Profession Map sets out the following eight behaviours: 1. Decisive thinker. Able to analyse information quickly and use it to make robust decisions. 2. Skilled influencer. Able to gain commitment from different quarters in order to benefit the organisation. 3. Personally credible. Expert in both HR and commercial issues, and takes a professional approach. 4. Collaborative. Able to work well†¦show more content†¦Band 2 – Advises and in some instances manages HR issues. An individual at this level will understand evaluation processes and be able to assist with known solutions. Band 3 – Defined as a leader of a professional HR area. An individual at this level will be have the ability to address major HR issues, generally at an organisational level and will be involved with medium to long term HR planning. Band 4 – Manages and leads a professional HR area / division. Working at senior organisational level and will have responsibility for the development and implementation of HR strategies. There are standard definitions within each of the four bands which advise of the following 3 areas: 1) What you need to do within each band (activities covering 9 specific points) 2) What you need to know within each band covering 12 specific points 3) How you need to do it i.e. the prevalent behaviours that are essential for each professional area. The behaviour definitions are defined as: Driven to deliver Collaborative Personally credible Decisive thinker Skilled influencer For example an HR professional working competently at band 4 will be expected to be a decisive thinker, will be driven to deliver and will also need to be a skilled influencer. The point of the HR profession Map is that individuals either considering a career in HR, or who are currently working at any given level within HR, will understand the skills, requirements, knowledge and personal attributes requiredShow MoreRelatedHR Management1672 Words   |  7 PagesHR Management Chapter 3 Application case: Siemens builds a strategy-oriented HR system Question number 1 a) Examples of four strategically required organizational outcomes are: †¢ Producing high tech products and services. †¢ Geographic expansion: Expanding the new products and services in different countries. †¢ Customer satisfaction (superior customer service). †¢ Productivity and quality management (offer consistently high quality services). b) Examples of four requiredRead MoreHr Management : An Hr Manager1394 Words   |  6 PagesAn HR manager needs to advocate a diverse workforce by making diversity qualities clear at all hierarchical levels, or some employees will rapidly reason that there is no future for them in the organization. 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In a RTW it states what their This supports my organisations strategy as overall it will maintain workforce levels. It will benefit both employees and managers as it will create better productivity. If everybody’s absence levels are low, this will produce better teamwork as there will be more morale. It also benefits the employees as HR staff can track trends. For example, if anRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversityRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hr )1550 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management (HR) acts to serve a function which is aimed at maximizing the overall performance of a business and its employees in relation to the employer s set standards and strategic objectives. The primary focus of HR is concentrated upon the management of employees, and on the policies and systems within and outside the organisation. (Boxall Purcell, 2011). â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) aims to align the functions and processes of HR with the strategic aims andRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hr )1499 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management (HR) is a function in an organisation aimed at maximizing employee performance in relation to the employer s set standards and strategic objectives. The primary focus of HR is concentrated upon the management of employees, and on the policies and systems within and outside the organisation. (Boxall Purcell, 2011). â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) aims to align the functions and processes of HR with the strategic aims and objectives and competitive advantage

Sample MBA Leadership Recommendation Letter

As part of the admissions process, most MBA programs ask students to submit recommendation letters from a current or former employer. The admissions committee wants to know more about your work ethic, teamwork capability, leadership ability, and work experience. This information helps them to determine whether you would be a good fit for their business program. Tips for a Great MBA Recommendation Letter The  best MBA recommendation letters  support the rest of your business school application by providing details about your work experience, leadership, and personal qualities. They can push borderline candidates into the acceptance stack. Choose your recommenders wisely.  Business schools would rather see professional recommendations than academic recommendations, preferably from your current supervisor. Your MBA recommenders should be able to speak in detail about your qualifications, supporting the points you made in your essays.  If you dont know many people who can do this, start cultivating some. Prepare your recommenders well.  While its not advised to write your own recommendations for others to sign, you should provide your recommenders with the necessary background information to write compelling letters.  This should include: The resume you plan to submit with your application.A statement of purpose indicating how you’re presenting yourself in your application. If you havent written it, provide a rough outline of what you plan to say.Talking points. Remind them of projects you managed that they can use to highlight your skills.A list of schools to which you are applying.A list of deadlines.  Ask for recommendations well in advance of deadlines.Instructions for how to submit letters, through  the school’s online system or by mail. If your schools require mailed letters, include envelopes and postage. Send a thank-you note.  Send it two weeks before the deadline, which will also provide a gentle reminder if the recommendation  hasnt been written. Once you get your decisions,  let your recommenders know how it turned out. Sample Leadership Recommendation Letter This sample letter of recommendation was written for an MBA applicant. The letter writer made an effort to discuss the applicants leadership and management experience. To Whom It May Concern:Janet Doe has worked for me as a resident manager for the past three years. Her responsibilities have included leasing, inspecting apartments, hiring maintenance staff, taking tenants complaints, making sure common areas look presentable, and keeping track of the property budget.During her time here, she has had an amazing impact on the appearance and financial turnaround at the property. The property was near bankruptcy when Janet took over. She turned things around almost immediately. As a result, we are expecting our second year of profit.Janet is highly respected by her co-workers for her willingness to help anyone anytime she can. She has been instrumental in helping institute new companywide cost-saving procedures. She is very well organized, diligent in her paperwork, easily reachable, and always on time.Janet has real leadership potential. I would highly recommend her for your MBA program.Sincerely,Joe SmithRegional Property Manager Source How to Get A Great MBA Letter of Recommendation. The Princeton Review, TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC, 2019.

How Video Games Affect The Minds, Behavior And Health Of...

How do video games affect the minds, behavior and health of children and teens? This article will discuss this matter to inform people about the dangers of this type of entertainment. Ever since video games have become more advanced, this problem has come up countless times, ranging from government officials to the parents of these children. Parents should take this into consideration with their children when playing video games: too much exposure to violent video games can lead to aggressive behavior, poor grades in school, and changes in physical appearance. Past or current medical conditions in children also will be affected by video games. While calling video games dangerous, it may also be beneficial or have no effect whatsoever on children. This will all be explained using other scholarly sources and my own observations to help me come to a conclusion and consensus on the matter. It is commonly assumed that videogames cause violence. But, what do video game violence studies say about this? Are teenagers and adults affected by violence in video games? What can we say about how violent video games affect children in the real world? Despite three decades of research on the effects of violent video and computer games on children, there seems to be as much confusion as ever. Do video games lead to increased aggression and violence? Do video games cause violence, or do those already with a propensity for violence choose to play games with aggressive themes? If you are aShow MoreRelatedVideo Games Affecting Youth1177 Words   |  5 Pages The violence that children execute in today’s modern time could have a new factor that parents could not even imagine. Many children today spend most of their time playing video games and this could reflect a negative role in a child’s bad behaviors. Nearly all children, especially in the United States, have or have had a video game console or some type of electronic device that contain video games. Video games in general are not to be blamed but a certain category that majority of the gamers playRead MoreVideo Game And Violent Video Games1574 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with the rapid development of the internet in recent years, game and violence game have become companions of young people. We could not deny the fact that video game already has strong attraction for many people. Especially in today’s society, when work pressure is growing, gaming is an effective solution to relieve tension, dispel feeling of fatigue, anxiety. Playing the normal video game, which it not include any violence scenes, plus regulatory reasonable playing time can help players relaxedRead MoreMedia s Effect On Society1286 Words   |  6 Pagesto â€Å"influence opinion and belief, change habits of life, and actively mold behavior.† Unfortunately, media affects the public in a way that it could control what a person does or thinks. More and more people see in media the preferable image that they w ant to be themselves. As viewers see this pastime to be designed for enjoyment, media greatly affects the audience’s morality, security, and health. Many children and teens are exposed to sex and violence while watching television. That is why manyRead More Children, Media, and Violence Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe evidence is overwhelming. 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By ‘physical aggression’ we mean behavior that is intended to harm another person physically, such as hitting with a fistRead MoreThe Influence of Pop Culture on our Teenagers1419 Words   |  6 PagesAt a young age, the minds of teenagers are easily influenced by pop culture. They are easily misguided by the portrayals in pop culture as well as the media. Both pup culture and media use this to their advantage to manipulate their young minds. Teenagers are notorious for mimicking violent activities as shown in video games. This violence transmits from videogames to the top story on the local news. Equally important, alcohol portrayals in pop cu lture are generally positive as they direct teenagersRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children924 Words   |  4 PagesM for Mature Video games have come a long way since first becoming popular in the 1970s. Electronic gaming has become one of the most common forms of entertainment among kids today. 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Censorship is the act of suppressing unacceptable parts of literature and media. It is very often that censorship is used with literature or media because many people see parts of them that are inappropriate in their perspective. When people see them, they are disgusted

Case Study Report Corporate Social Responsibility

Questions: 1. Using the example of the chosen company, assess the 3 Corporate Social Responsibility factors that influence corporate activities of your chosen company in the area of ecological sustainability. They are: economic, ethical and discretionary (week 3 reading) 2.Based on Readings (Weeks 1 to 10), design a sustainability plan for that company (for example you can focus on clean technology, sustainability vision, pollution prevention, product stewardship, etc). While creating the plan remember to include aims, objectives, strategies, tactics and evaluation. If the company already has a clear sustainability portfolio, analyse it according to the above criteria and suggest possible improvements for each. 3. Examine the possible advantages and difficulties in integrating your sustainability portfolio into the companys strategy. Answers: PART 1 Pacific Brands Limited is an age old company which started its operations by manufacturing just Dunlop Bicycle tyres. Since then it has come a long way and today it is a big brand having its offices in Australia, New Zealand, China, United Kingdom and Indonesia. Its brand mark is enough to attract customers to buy their products. The company is listed in the Australian Stock Exchange and has discharged its corporate social responsibilities diligently and with utmost dedication and priority. The three Corporate Social Responsibility factors , economic, ethical and discretionary influence the corporate activities undertaken by Pacific Brands in the area of ecological sustainability (De Broeck, 2009). Pacific Brands Limited is well applauded by the people for discharging their duties towards ethical , financial as well as sustainable business practices while keeping in mind the responsibility towards meeting higher standards of corporate social responsibilities. The company works on this belief only that success can be achieved only if the end users are highly satisfied after using their products and services and thus this is the most apt and acceptable method of conducting a business. The companies CSR policies basically focuses on reduction of negative impact on the environment and addressing the socio economic issues of the areas in which the company operates. The three CSR factors have affected the activities to be undertaken by the company. The same is enumerated as under: It is the companys discretion to ensure that its employees are provided a good and a stable environment to work. The company aims at working as a team and for the same it is very important to work for the people also within the company. The company eyes upon the health and safety standards of its employees as a priority. It has an integrated system within the working area which helps to work in a more defined and strategic manner along with an aim to improvise upon its acts on a continuous basis. It has been conducting and participating into various health and safety related programs and also encouraged its employees to be a part of it as well. Pacific Brand has incorporated the employees benefit activities into its corporate social responsibility agenda very comprehensively. It has conducted annual influenza vaccination programs, employees insurances in private hospitals at discounted rates, free health check ups within the organization and accessibility to the internal SOS support for employees who are travelling so that they can get emergency medical help. Addressing environmental issues is a top priority for Pacific Brands Limited. It has an environmental management system which is certified within the ISO 14001. The company thrives upon one notion i.e. to reduce the impact on the environment due to its manufacturing, packaging , handling processes, reuse and recycle the waste and replacement of the existing processes with more environmental friendly process. It has taken steps to address its responsibility towards protection of the environment keeping in mind the corporate activities simultaneously. It has been continuously focussing upon working with the various environmental partners so as to reduce the waste and utilize it for the betterment of the environment it caters to. It has been committing to the Australian Packaging Covenant that the effects of the packaging work will be least on the environment. The company has been judiciously utilizing the natural resources and has also been in talks with the external suppliers for usin g rail transport over and above the road transport. The company is always on the wheels in meeting the social responsibilities and adhering to ethical ways and means and complying to various labour laws, safety rules and environmental protection strategies. The policy is simple that governing the complex supply chain is difficult hence focus is shifted towards inculcating the ethics within the internal processes which would allow the company to address its external factors as well. The company has ensured that the animals as a sourcing material is to be used by its suppliers only if it is a by product and does not lead to live plucking. So as to ensure its applicability the company has stopped using rabbit angora fibre in its products. Another very crucial step taken by the company is the ban on the usage of cotton supplied from Uzbekistan as it uses child labour. Even though the raw material is not used directly in the manufacturing process even then it has showed its strong resistance to the suppliers for the usage of Uzbekistan cot ton (www.pacificbrands.com, 2016). Thus Pacific Brands Limited is appreciated worldwide because it undertakes the corporate social responsibility not only as an embossed duty by the government but a self imposed responsibility. Thus it aims at performing its corporate activities keeping in mind the ecological sustainability. PART 2 Pacific Brands Limited has been suffering huge losses from the past four years now. This 120 year old company soon needs to design a sustainability plan else it will lead to the dissolution of the same. The new CEO John Pollaers strategies are simple. It believes in creating a company which thinks out of the box and aims that becoming known amongst the masses for its innovative techniques and designs. The company has mainly eyed upon costs reduction more than being a profit oriented entity. Although news and the other agencies state that the new CEOs strategies and vision will definitely enable to drive the company back to its older state of affairs and profits yet it needs to design a sustainability plan setting out its aims and objectives clearly and communicating the same internally as for any company to succeed it needs to motivate and regain the lost confidence of its employees to work as a team. The companys sustainability plan should dig into areas such as the cleaner technolo gies, pollution free environment and product stewardship (Maltzman, Shirley, 2010). Clean technology aim at using such a technology in the production, manufacturing and packaging process which calls for minimal usage of the non renewable sources of energy as well as produces lesser waste products. For any entity to fall under the cadre of a sustainable business approach and practice it is very much required to shift its views from the native processes to a more developed process which addresses some of the urgent issues such as pollution control, reduction in emission of wastes into the environment, optimum utilization of the resources as well as earn profits. The said technology will enable to produce environment friendly products at lesser costs and thus help to build a greater brand in the eyes of the public(www.McKinsey.com, 2015). The communities have spelt out clearly that they are interested in products which are not produced as a result of any harm caused to any community in the society. Pacific Brands Limited has been able to address this issue to some exte nt. Its environmental policy which includes four basic ideas of reduce, reuse, recycle and replace has gone a long way in addressing the clean technology issue. Also it redresses the environmental impact across all stages of a product life cycle by supporting the Australian Packaging Covenant. It has stated clearly in its policies that all the wastes generated in the organization should be reused as far as possible. The possibilities of using the waste products again is explored across its varied business lines on a continuous basis (Hart, 1995). The present plan that it has in vogue is accredited to ISO 14001. The company on a regular basis collects data related to the energy consumption and the waste that is let out, measures and monitors its performance from the previous results and strives to improve further. The employees and the management are trained on a regular basis and issues regarding the environment and ways to resolve the same is discussed in an open forum within the organization. It has a National Environment Sustainability Committee that meets six times in a year to address these issues. The companys vision is to excavate deeper and greater chances of recycling within the organization , hence it has various programs and training sessions for the employees (Walter, 2013). Pacific Brand as always known to adhere to the directives of the countries with which it works. Such as the company exports in Europe wherein it adheres to its directives of recycling of packaging products and produce minimum of wastage (Siegel, 2013). The company has changed its suppliers or have asked its suppliers to provide raw materials which are more environmental friendly and in way harm any part of the living being or the niche. Thus it has clearly imbibed the formula that competitive advantage can be attained only by bridging the gap between the internal capabilities of the firm and the changing external circumstances (Mitchell, 2015). However even though Pacific Brands Limited is adhering to various stances of using a cleaner technology, pollution preventive methods and has a long vision of sustaining in this environment focussed scenario yet it is suffering losses simply because its products are being manufactured off shore. This even though would give the company an edge towards cost reduction yet the brand loyalty as per the consumers is taking a hit. Also the company has always concentrated on one geographical area of the globe, Australia. Further the company should enlarge its sustainability vision and try to explore other areas by managing the dollar fluctuations (Gareis et al. 2013). Thus the company should try to improve on the various areas so as to ensure that its sustainability plan is a success. It should concentrate on using a cleaner technology and continue with its policy of reduce, reuse, recycle and replace, yet following the policy blind-folded will not achieve anything. The cost involved cannot be ignored and the same is required to be inculcated in the prices of the products produced . This in turn would lead to decreasing profits if the consumers are not made aware of the technology used and how the same is benefitting the entire civilization on the whole. A brand loyalty is increased if the products are more and more manufactured indigenously. Pacific Brands Limited has expanded its manufacturing units across the globe which has led to a negativity amongst the Australians with regards loyalty towards the brand. Although a more developed process is being used yet the cost factors are not being addressed carefully which is posing a threat to the sust enance of the company (Belaluddin et al. 2008). Thus it should ensure to take into consideration the various foreign factors which is affecting the companys bottom line. The awareness about the consumer and environmental friendly products as well as the cost involved should be marketed in a better manner so as to drive the sentiments of the consumers. The companys vision and mission towards the society is clear but the formula to cover the gap between the increased cost yet maintaining the brand value in the eyes of the end users needs to be formed in a stronger manner. The medium used for conveying the message is not strong enough to shake the masses towards buying the products offered by Pacific Brands Limited. Thus its marketing strategies needs to undergo a revolution (www.pacificbrands.com, 2013). PART 3 The possible advantages and difficulties in integrating the sustainability portfolio into the strategies of Pacific Brand Limited is manifolds. No path is a smooth one hence it offers both advantages as well as disadvantages of integrations. The advantages are enumerated as under: Integration of sustainability portfolio would enable to bring universality in the ideas, experiences, expertise and goals. Uniformity can be achieved which would in turn enable us to achieve economies of production, thus reducing the costs and increasing the margins. Further the company also fails to address the growing competition which would then be addresses maturely. The said integration will enable the entities to maintain a growing pace with the changing needs of the consumers. The company operates in a mature environment hence this would enable it to come out of isolation and adapt new methods of production and distribution thus cutting out the competitive edge easily (Mohr. Et. al. 2001). The employees become highly motivated and dedicated towards their work. The company provides adequate training so as to update the employees with the changing circumstances. Also it incorporates in its corporate social responsibility the health and safety standards for the benefit of the employees which also give adequate advantage to the company (Rogers, 2016). Proper integration will always help in adequate implementation of theories and policies designed by any entity. Thus once the sustainability portfolio is well integrated within the system of the company, implementing changes and action plans will give fruitful results. The efficiency and the efficacy of the workers and managers at all the levels of Pacific Brands Limited will increase more than the standards set out. It will help the company to gain economically also (Bonini, Swartz, 2014). The difficulties in integrating the sustainability portfolio into the strategies of Pacific Brands Limited howsoever cannot be ignored in total. The same is enlisted below: The outcome is felt at a very latter stage by the companies which may give an upper edge to its competitors in the short term and affect their own bottom line. Implementing integration in all sectors can be a costly affair for the company. If it poses restrictions on its supply chain and tries to dominate as to what kind of products they should supply, the composition of the product supplied should be changed as per standards , then this may end up putting the company in a disadvantageous position (Bonini, Gorner, 2011). There is still an unclear vision with regards the value addition that such an integration does to the shareholders value. Quantification of benefits derived via such a process is still at a developing stage. Thus until and unless the same is addressed their is always a resistance from the promoters and owners of the company who ultimately are concerned about the return on their respective investments in the company. The inculcation of this concept has made a forced shift of the vision and mission of entities while trying to inculcate the same within their organizational process. Lack of any set practice and theory in place has led to struggle amongst the entities in imbibing the same in its supply chain and relevant budgets. Thus this is one of the main difficulties that Pacific Brands Limited has been facing. It has addressed to the issues of environment and safety standards but while concentrating on these areas, there has been a significant shift in the actual vision and mission of the entity. It has left behind the fact that it is a profit oriented entity and its main goal should be maximization of shareholders wealth (Carroll, 1991). Thus in a nut shell it can be concluded by stating that the integration of sustainability portfolio in Pacific Brands Limited strategy will give it an upper edge across its competitors but at the same time integration should be done at such a level so as not to divulge it from its main goals and mission. References: Belaluddin, M., Hassan, M.R., Tarique, K.M., 2008, Three dimensional aspects of Corporate Social responsibility, Daffodil International University, Journal of Business and Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 199-211 Bonini, S., Gorner, S., 2011, The Business of Sustainability : McKinsey Global Survey Results, viewed on 08th June 2016.survey-results Bonini, S., Swartz, S., 2014, Profits with Purpose: How Organizing for sustainability can benefit the bottom line, viewed on 08th June 2016. Carroll, A.B., 1991, The pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility : Toward the Moral management or Organizational Stakeholders. Gareis, R., Huemann, M., Martinuzzi, A., 2013, Project Management Sustainable Development Principles , Project management institute : New Town Square. Hart, S.L., 1995, A Natural Resource Based View of the Firm, Academy of Management Review, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 996-1014. Maltzman, R., Shirley, D., 2010, Green Project Management, CRC Press: USA.